Parkinson’s Disease: Early Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system that leads to issues with movement, pain, mental health, and sleep. The symptoms of Parkinson’s get worse with time. While some cases are hereditary, the majority occur for unexplained reasons.

Specialists believe genetic mutations and environmental factors can contribute to the development of Parkinson’s disease. Although there is no cure for the illness, there are numerous treatment options such as medication and therapy.

Read on to know more.

Find top neurologists near you for Parkinson’s disease on oladoc

Early Symptoms

Parkinson’s disease develops gradually with mild symptoms. It usually begins with the sensation of stiffness in the body and trembling in one hand. Other symptoms develop over time, and some may also develop dementia along with it.

Early indications for Parkinson’s disease are as follows: 

• Coordination issues and movement imbalances.
• Trembling in various parts of the body, such as the hands.
• Loss of the sense of smell.
• Voice changes.
• Sleep problems or disturbances.
• Changes in how a person walks.

Symptoms related to movement may begin from one side of the body and then spread to the other. 

What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?

Although the causes of Parkinson’s disease are unclear, scientists and experts have found some indications in the bodies of affected individuals:

Genetic factors

Although experts have found mutations in several genes that seem to be connected to Parkinson’s disease, they do not believe that the disorder is inherited. Only 10% of instances are caused by genetic factors, primarily in patients with early-onset disease. 

Low levels of dopamine

Parkinson’s disease symptoms mainly result from low or falling levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter. It occurs when the brain’s dopamine-producing cells die.

The area of the brain that regulates movement and coordination receives information from dopamine. Therefore, it may be more difficult for people to control their movement when their dopamine levels are low. Symptoms progressively worsen as dopamine levels continue to decline. 

Autoimmune factors

Researchers discovered a potential genetic connection between autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease, in a 2017 study.

According to another study conducted in 2028 by Taiwanese researchers looking into medical records, individuals with autoimmune rheumatic disorders were 1.37 times more likely to have Parkinson’s disease. 

Lewy bodies

The brain of a person with Parkinson’s disease may contain clusters of protein called alpha-synuclein, also called Lewy bodies. Lewy body buildup can result in nerve cell loss, altering mood, behavior, thought processes, and mobility. Although Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease are not the same, people may have both due to their comparable symptoms. 

Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

At the moment, Parkinson’s disease cannot be diagnosed by a specific test. A neurologist or a medical professional with training in disorders of the neurological system, makes the diagnosis. Your medical history, a review of your symptoms, and a neurological and physical examination are used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease.

Medical providers may advise routine follow-up meetings with neurologists specialising in movement disorders to assess your status and symptoms over time and identify Parkinson’s disease.

• Laboratory and blood testing: These are employed to rule out other illnesses that might be the source of your symptoms.
• Imaging procedures include PET scans, brain ultrasounds, and MRIs. They are used to rule out additional conditions, but they are not particularly useful for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease.
• Neurological and physical examination: This includes reviewing your medical history and performing a neurological exam that assesses your reflexes, senses, coordination, and mental and cognitive capacities.
• Genetic analysis: This screens for gene alterations in people with early-onset Parkinson’s disease or a known family history.
• A dopamine transporter (DAT) scan is a single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scan. This can help distinguish between various forms of tremor and bolster the idea that you have Parkinson’s disease. However, your diagnosis is based on your symptoms and the findings of your neurological examination. A DAT scan is not necessary for the majority of people.
• A brief, low-dose medication treatment: To see if you improve, you might be prescribed medications used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Your diagnosis might be supported if you notice a noticeable improvement in your symptoms. Since receiving modest doses for a day or two is unreliable, you must be given a dose large enough to demonstrate the benefit.
• Appointments for follow-up: A diagnosis may require routine consultations with neurologists specialising in movement disorders over time.

Parkinson’s Disease Treatment

Although there isn’t a cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are some treatments that can help manage your symptoms. Personalized treatment programs typically consist of a mix of the following:

1. Medications

The most popular and successful treatment consists of drugs that help the brain produce more dopamine or replace it, like:

• The most effective drug for motor symptoms is levodopa/carbidopa.
• Dopamine agonists imitate the actions of dopamine in the brain.
• MAO-B inhibitors aid in halting dopamine’s breakdown.
• COMT inhibitors: extend levodopa’s effects.
• Anticholinergics and amantadine treat specific symptoms, such as dyskinesia or tremors.

2. Surgery

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical technique to reduce motor difficulties that involves implanting electrodes in certain brain regions. It is usually used when drugs pose adverse effects to the patient or are no longer effective.

3. Occupational and physical therapy

• Exercise treatments aid in enhancing flexibility, balance, and mobility.
• Speech and swallowing issues are addressed through speech therapy.
• Occupational therapy encourages independence and helps with everyday tasks.

4. Lifestyle changes

A nutritious diet, consistent exercise, stress reduction, and sound sleep practices can significantly enhance the management of symptoms and general health.

5. Social and psychological assistance

Managing the disease’s emotional and cognitive impacts requires mental health treatment, support groups, and counseling.

Conclusion

Early symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, a brain condition that impairs mobility, may include stiffness and tremors.

Early diagnosis and treatment, including medication, therapy, and lifestyle modifications, can help control symptoms and enhance quality of life even without a known cure. Because of ongoing research, there is hope for more advanced and effective treatments.

To get treatment for Parkinson’s disease you can consult expert neurologists available in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, and other cities of Pakistan via oladoc. You can book your appointment online or call our helpline 04238900939 for a confirmed appointment at your desired date and time from the available slots.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

1. What is the first stage of Parkinson’s disease?

The mildest stage of Parkinson’s is stage one in which one side of the body is affected by the symptoms. At this point, most patients won’t be aware that they have the disease.

2. Can you recover from Parkinson’s disease?

There is no known cure for Parkinson’s disease. However, there have been some reported cases of recovery and improvement. For the most part, this disease can be effectively managed with ongoing treatment to allow individuals to lead better lives.

3. Can you stop Parkinson’s disease if it is diagnosed early?

Disease progression cannot be stopped altogether; however, most patients can maintain an active lifestyle and lead satisfying lives by recognizing their symptoms and choosing an appropriate, proactive course of therapy and lifestyle modifications.

For more information you can visit oladoc to book an appointment with a neurologist for Parkinson’s disease and discuss your treatment options.