Menopause is a natural phase in a woman’s life, typically occurring between the ages of 45 to 55, marked by the cessation of menstrual periods due to declining estrogen levels. Common symptoms include hot flashes, mood swings, and depression, which can begin in the perimenopausal years, starting around age 40. Early menopause, before 45, and premature menopause, before 40, can occur due to various factors, including genetics, low BMI, smoking, autoimmune disorders, and certain medical treatments. Menopause can lead to complications such as heart disease, osteoporosis, and depression, and it affects the genitourinary system, potentially causing urinary issues and vaginal dryness. While contraception is typically not needed after menopause, hormonal replacement therapy and lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms, though they come with potential side effects, including irregular bleeding and increased risk of certain diseases. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, exercise, and adequate calcium intake, is pivotal in navigating this significant life transition.
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