Among vascular (vein and nerve-related) diseases, Deep Vein Thrombosis or DVT is one of the most fatal, yet common conditions; mainly due to Pulmonary Embolisms i.e. DVT blood clots that travel from the leg to the heart to threateningly obstruct lung pathways.
However, the condition is just as easy to both prevent and treat and doesn’t always warrant a visit to a cardiologist. Here’s how:
Table of Contents
Treatment:
The DVT treatment plan constitutes PE prevention by keeping the clot from enlarging and breaking, and reducing chances of a future recurrence.
1-Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners):
As first-line DVT treatments, anticoagulants prevent clot growth and keep new clots from developing. However, they do not destroy pre-existing clots and cause bleeding problems like thalassemia (excess bleeding from even small injuries) in high doses, hence requiring close monitoring.
An anticoagulant course generally lasts for 3 months. Anticoagulant injections like Heparin are administered during the first few days, followed by oral anticoagulants like Warfarin. However, since warfarin takes 4-5 days for full effect, most patients are simultaneously given injections and oral medication.
Alternatively, DOACs (Directly Acting Oral Anticoagulants) that do not require the aid of injectable anticoagulants can also be prescribed. Similarly, Xa inhibitors work just as well as Warfarin without requiring frequent monitory and testing.
2-Thrombolytics (Clot Busters):
Unlike blood thinners, they efficiently break down clots while also preventing further formation by direct injection into the clots. However, thrombolytics can cause severe bleeding and are hence only reserved for Serious cases of DVT and PE, or those that do not respond to primary anticoagulants.
3-Compression Stockings:
Tight at the ankle and gradually loosening up the leg, these elastic stockings use pressure to help move the collected blood and fluid back into the capillaries to prevent DVT-related swelling and reduce the risk of clotting. Covering the leg from foot to knee, compression stockings should be worn daily for at least 2 years following treatment. The type of stocking depends upon a patient’s leg size and clot severity.
4-Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machine:
Paralysed patients or those requiring long-term bed rest may be recommended CPM machines for leg support. After elevating the leg, a CPM machine slowly moves the knee to retain leg motion and prevent blood clots by improving blood circulation to the leg.
5-Surgery:
Surgery may be required if medication is ineffective, if patients cannot take medication due to a preexisting medical condition, or if there is a high risk of PE:
- Inferior Vena Cava Filter: A conical device is surgically inserted into the vena cava (a large vein in the abdomen that leads to the heart) to catch blood clots before they enter into the lungs. However, in certain cases, some clots can bypass the filter via smaller veins, or even start forming over the filter only to later break off and enter the lungs. Moreover, long-term use may actually cause
- Thrombectomy: This involves directly removing the problematic clot from the blocked blood vessel via an incision.
Prevention:
Certain daily adjustments can ensure that DVT does not recur, or develop altogether:
- Sitting continuously for prolonged time periods is a prime cause of DVT. So stop every hour to walk and stretch if travelling long distances by car. During long flights, walk down the aisles every 30 minutes or exercise your heels and toes while sitting.
- Instead of fully committing to bed rest, try taking short walks to keep your legs in motion and the blood flowing.
- Stop smoking and lose weight (if needed)
- Exercise regularly, particularly if you have a blood clotting condition
- Avoid flow-restricting tight clothes
DVT and the resultant Pulmonary Embolism can be fatal, but can also be easily resolved with prompt treatment. Check the symptoms if you suspect a case of deep vein thrombosis.
You can also book an appointment with top Cardiologists in Islamabad, Karachi and Islamabad through oladoc, or call our helpline at 042-3890-0939 for assistance to find the RIGHT Doctor for your vascular concerns.
